Essay about People and Modern Technology - 756 Words

Every single day a new type of technology is being introduced to the world. Technology has improved a lot over years, and it is a great thing these days, because it can be very helpful, especially for people with disabilities. However people are taking advantage of it. Every piece of technology that is being made requires little to no skill. All the machines are so easy to operate that anyone can do it, and that keeps us from being active, developing our brains, it is also very addicting. Why would we go to the store to get groceries if we can just order it on line and they will be delivered to our front door. Sounds easy, but maybe a little too easy! More and more people use todays technology because it is convenient, however no one†¦show more content†¦However using todays technology properly and using your brain with it can accomplish many good things including building a stronger nation. Nevertheless modern technology can be very addicting. Checking your email every fiv e minutes, chatting with your friends for hours even though youve seen them at school, waiting till that last minute to win an action. These things take away time from a persons life. It brings out a question, what would people do without technology? Life would be a lot simpler, people would be doing more beneficial thing, such as helping other with whatever help they may need, reading a newspaper, doing physical work around the house. Unfortunately more and more people are being addictive to technology, spending hours and hours on the computer, for what purpose? There is no purpose, people are just addicted. However modern technology can also be a good thing if used properly. In order to learn, kids at school require computers and Internet to study from it, write research paper and to find out any information theyd like to know. It is also used all over the wold for military purposes. Modern technology is responsible for keeping our world safe, and so far it is doing a very good jo b. Technology can also be used to communicate with people all around the world, itShow MoreRelatedModern Technology Is Ruining The Mind Of People1340 Words   |  6 PagesModern technology is ruining the mind of people in this society today mostly in teens. Most teens would rather send text messages, than have a face to face conversation. Also predators are preying on young girls through the internet. It also has kids ages five through eleven in the house playing videos games. Also it seems as if no one knows what to do when the internet is down and not working. Lastly modern technology has ruined communicating in person between the young and the old. These are someRead MoreModern Information Technology Has Developed A Way For People923 Words   |  4 PagesModern information technology has developed a way for people to receive support from others. Online social support is expanding as the general public begins to feel comfortable using online social groups to seek support from o thers. Online social groups have extensive benefits for users who are not able to or do not desire to attend face-to-face communication support. These groups have emerged within health care as a result of individuals’ needs. These individuals need to know more about their healthRead MoreModern Technology Is Simply An Advancement Of Old Technology,1231 Words   |  5 PagesModern technology is simply an advancement of old technology, the impact of technology in modern life is unmeasurable, we use technology in different ways and sometimes the way we implement various technologies ends up harming our lives or the society we leave in. What we call modern technology is technically not so new in most cases. For example, mobile phone technology has evolved with years, nowadays we use smartphones which have been an advancement of an ordinary mobile phone. Technology is appliedRead MoreModern Technology And Its Effect On Society1439 Words   |  6 Pages2015 Modern Technology Modern technology is machinery that makes people’s lives easier and convenient. In today’s fast paced society modern technology plays the most important role in society. Technology surrounds almost everywhere and everyone in modern society. We can say this time as the technological age because of the today’s dependence on technology. Technological products are available everywhere and everyone is using it. We are living in the 21st century, time of science and modern technologyRead MoreModern Technology: a Friend or a Foe?1572 Words   |  7 PagesModern Technology: A friend or a foe? Paolo A. Pantaleon 2-7 â€Å"Were changing the world with technology† (Gates). In this modern world, many people can’t survive without the aid of modern technology. Do you remember when people used to send messages through the use of the â€Å"pony express†? Or when people used to get up from their couch to change the channel of the television? I can’t imagine how people could live without modern technologies such as cell phones, internet, and many more. TechnologyRead MoreThe Importance Of Modern Technology849 Words   |  4 PagesModern Technology helps build an identity that the person struggles to show in person. For most people showing whom they are as a person might seem hard, but ever since the invention of Modern Technology people have found it easier to express how they are feeling to other people. As humans, people want their voices to be heard, and taken account for. An example from Turkle’s essay that corresponds with that statement is when it states, â€Å"With the ability to be heard comes the ability to organize †Read MorePros And Cons Of Technology874 Words   |  4 PagesModern humanity can hardly imagine life without technology. Technologies have become an integral part of people’s lives. Every day, people invent new devices or improve the existing ones. Humanity differs by their attitudes to new inventions. Some people believe that sophisticated gadgets are actually useful and necessary, while others concentrate on the negative impact on people and their lives. Similar technologies are specially created for performing the hardest and most monotonous work. EvenRead MoreThe Modern Era And Its Impact On The World1086 Words   |  5 PagesThe Modern period is a cultural movement that has a lasting impact on the world. The Romantic period provoked everyone to rebellion and two of the greatest revolutions, the American and French, were an outcome of that period. Thus, the Modern period was born when the Romantics faded out and this shift in culture changed the world forever. Mo dernism changed the way people lived in a number of different reasons, but there are three that stood out from the rest. The Modern Era changed the world throughRead More The Social Consequences of Communication Technologies Essay795 Words   |  4 PagesCommunication Technologies How many hours have you spent on American Online Instant Messenger when you should have been studying for prelims? Communications shapes our modern society as well as brings many burdens and negative aspects along with it. It does not seem like it is even able to help most of the population of a developing country because most of the people in that country do not have access to modern communications technologies. Current telecommunications technology has enlargedRead MoreWhat are the Effects of Modern Technology on Relationships? Essay1448 Words   |  6 Pages(1910) maintains that personal communication has evolved over the years. He argues that technology and social changes have advanced from the period of letter writing to house phone usage, which became popular in the beginning of the 20th century. From the time of letter writing to the current century, technology has evolved to e-communication and cell phone usage. By analyzing the effects that modern technology h as had on functionality, time efficiency, and a shear ease on communication, we develop

Ray Bradbury s Fahrenheit 451 - 1463 Words

Shall one remove the sack placed so cruelly upon one’s head by the crooks one calls society? Revealing the truths that were hidden far away in the corner of the world, Ray Bradbury wrote Fahrenheit 451 as a way to open the eyes of the reader, allowing them to understand a dystopia of hidden truths. Placed in futuristic times, the world in which Guy Montag lives is grim, in the eyes of an onlooker. From the eyes of Guy Montag however, nothing was wrong. He has the job that he loves, a wife to come home to every night, everything is safe, or in other words, peaceful. Or is it? Such is the path they walk, hidden from truth and they have no reason to suspect that what they know is anything but. Montag is in several cases blind. Yet, the book does not solely revolve around Guy Montag and his quest for an unknown happiness, but of others. His wife Mildred and her friends, the citizens of the town in which they live, Montags’ fire chief Beatty. Happiness is hidden from all of them, yet it is not hidden by a specific antagonist more so hidden from them self. They are their own antagonist, each one hiding things from the world in which they would be condemned to certain death. In a unique conversation between Montag and Clarisse, she proposes one single question to him. â€Å"’Are you happy?’† to which she left him thinking â€Å"Of course I’m happy. What does she think? I’m not?† Thus the seed that would fuel the ever dormant volcano was planted. Stated earlier, Montag had everything heShow MoreRelatedRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4511721 Words   |  7 Pagesliterature slowly disappear from the minds of the population? This is the question that Ray Bradbury’s novel, Fahrenheit 451, attempts to answer. In this book, he describes a hypothetical world in which the population not only avoids reading, but has made owning books an unthinkable crime, with all books discovered burned, along with the houses of those who hoarded them. In this dystopian future created by Bradbury, the beauty that is literature has been replaced in society by television programs andRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4511358 Words   |  6 Pagesnotice them, books were outlawed, knowledge was forbidden, and memories were hard to come by? In the 1950 novel Fahrenheit 451, author Ray Bradbury presents a society which invokes much thought about the way we live in society today. It’s a story about a lifestyle in the future that has evolved from our present, but in seemingly different worlds. Through the protagonist, Guy Montag, Bradbury makes a wider point about the dangers that a society can present. The government of this future forbids itsRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4511360 Words   |  6 Pages Ray Bradbury and his Fahrenheit 451 Future Technology has had many great contributions, but is it destroying America as author Ray Bradbury foreseen back in the 1950’s. The intent of this paper is to explain how Fahrenheit 451, which was written over 65 years ago, has begun to come true in some aspects of American society today. The intended audience for this paper is fellow students who have not read this novel, and the professor. Ray Bradbury’s role in Fahrenheit 451 is to help readers understandRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4511120 Words   |  5 Pagesindividuality suppression, and the ever-growing gap between upper and lower class. The United States is heading down the path of becoming a dystopian society. Citizens in the United States have the same general behavior as those in Ray Bradbury’s novel, Fahrenheit 451. This novel features a world where cars are fast, music is loud, and watching television is the main way to spend free time. People rarely make time for each other, rarely imagine and form their own opinions, and rarely take the timeRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4512532 Words   |  11 PagesRay Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 is a magnificent masterpiece written to aid in visualizing what a distant future dystopian society would look like; one in which everyone lives in the fast lane, technology is at its crowning, void of human relations and instant satisfactions, as well as gratifications, are constantly being pursued. The novel was written during the era where communism and the holocaust began to sprout. Mr. Bradbury, being a patriot of his country, feared that society was leaning towardRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 451976 Words   |  4 PagesGuy Mont age from Ray Bradbury’s novel Fahrenheit 451 would be similar to life without a choice. Bradbury’s novel Fahrenheit 451 demonstrates how excessive use of technology affects a person’s relationship. Montage is the protagonist of the novel who is a fireman. Montage lives in a world where his job is to burn books, and initiate a fire. The government is trying to outlaw the use of books in the city. Bradbury portrays this new world through the character of Montage. Bradbury describes Montage’sRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4512451 Words   |  10 PagesRay Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451, is a prime example of social criticism. The story sets in the 24th century where people race jet cars; the author’s idea of the future. It shows a flawed social structure, controlled by the media and government with banning and burning of books, and suppressing society’s minds from history. Their logical thought was that it would keep society from thinki ng too much, which in turn would prevent bad thoughts, and to keep them â€Å"happy all the time†. The book tells a storyRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4511410 Words   |  6 PagesRay Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451, published in 1953 by Ballantine Books, rose to fame quickly and surely as a grandfather of the dystopian genre. A year after its release, Greg Conklin of Galaxy Science Fiction named the novel, â€Å"among the great works of the imagination written in English in the last decade or more† (Conklin). The Chicago Sunday Tribune s August Derleth called it a shockingly savage prophetic view of one possible future way of life, while honoring Bradbury in sight of his brilliantRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4512323 Words   |  10 Pagesnot accepted, or even worse, a detached society where emotions no longer exist. By reading the first few pages of Fahrenheit 451, readers immediately get the feeling of a dystopian society. Firemen creating fires, instea d of extinguishing them, and technology that has taken their society to a whole new level of entertainment. These are exaggerated ideas right off the bat, yet Ray Bradbury carries the readers through the story in order to show them his own outlook on the future- in fact, all dystopianRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4512071 Words   |  9 Pageslives? In the book Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury depicts a society that is immersed in technology, which becomes an obsession for most of its people. Bradbury also describes the negative effects that come with this technology, especially losing essential human traits like communication and common sense. Finally, Bradbury sends the message that technology is so powerful that it not only controls certain people, but an entire society as well. In the book Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury describes the dangers

Essay on anthropology - 590 Words

Anthropology proves to be satisfying and intellectually fulfilling to many in the field. However, there are also many challenges and bumps in the road along the way. Napolean A. Chagnon and Claire Sterk faced many of these challenges themselves. During his fieldwork with the Yanomamo, Chagnon faced many challenges interacting with the natives. Chagnon could not practically communicate with the people until about six months after he arrived. He notes ? the hardest thing to live with was the incessant, passioned, and often aggressive demands they would make.? An example of this is the natives threatening with a shout such as; ?If you don?t take me with you on your next boat trip to Widokalyateri, I?ll chop a hole in your canoe!? While†¦show more content†¦Developing a relationship and trust with women who had never had any trustworthy people in their lives was quite challenging as well. Sterk was once followed home by one of the woman?s pimps and his friends, and was jumped. The woman admitted to Sterk over a year later that they wanted to teach her a lesson and she knew about it all along. Sterk describes ? At one time, I felt true hatred for a crack house owner and was unable to adhere to the rules of courteous interactions.? ( Sterk 10) In Gmelch?s work with ethnography, he took students to do fieldwork in Barbados. He says his students usually come out of the experience learning more about themselves than they did about the people they were supposed to be studying. The students learned more than they ever had about intimacy in relationships than they ever had in their culture. They compared it to the impersonality and detachment of their suburban lives. One of the biggest adjustments the students had to make was adjusting to the slow-pace of village life. Many got used to being entertained just by socializing with the people and had no desire to leave if given a chance. Materialism diminished as the students began to feel embarrassed that they have so much. The people in the villages had so little and were seemingly so much happier than Americans. The students became minorities for their stay in the villages. One student says ? I have never been in aShow MoreRelatedAnthropology : Anthropology And Cultural Anthropol ogy1472 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is anthropology? This is a question that can be answered in numerous ways, but we are going to define it as simple as possible. If we break the word down into its two components it means the study of human beings. â€Å"Anthropo† means human beings or human kind and â€Å"logy† or â€Å"logia† is Greek for the study or knowledge of something. When we put it all together, it is the study of human beings which can be very broad. Anthropology can be broken down into four subfields: physical anthropology, archaeologyRead MoreAnthropology : Anthropology And Anthropology1550 Words   |  7 Pagesimagined the endless careers that are available to anthropology majors, before taking Professor Sharratt’s Intro to Anthropology course. The things that I have learned in anthropology have opened my mind to a variety of different career paths that is possible with a degree in anthropology. Anthropology majors go off to a plethora of c areers with their degrees in anthropology. Anthropology is â€Å"the study of humankind in all times and place†. Anthropology has four different subfields which include: Physical/BiologicalRead MoreAnthropology : The Anthropology Of Sports1496 Words   |  6 PagesAnthropology is a generic term which originates from the Greek word anthropo logos which means the â€Å"study of man.† Anthropology is the most comprehensive among the social sciences, covering every aspect of human behaviour, past, present and the future (Blanchard 1995:2). The anthropology of sports serves as a unique social scientific approach to understand and analyse sports alongside the practical application of results to real problems (Blanchard 1995:23) and like all other social sciences, operatesRead MoreCultural Anthropology : Physical Anthropology3800 Words   |  16 Pagesglossary Anthropology: It is a general comprehensive science of man in the past and present of any culture. This is divided into two main areas: physical anthropology, dealing with biological evolution and physiological adaptation of humans, and social or cultural anthropology that deals with people living in society, ie forms of evolution of language, culture and customs. Anthropology uses tools and knowledge produced by the natural sciences and the social sciences. Aspiration of anthropologicalRead MoreThe Anthropology Of Cultural Anthropology1370 Words   |  6 Pagescultural anthropology, which seeks to understand the purpose and place of the humans in this world. It will include anthropology as a social science, the concept of culture, and it would also introduction the human evolution and to archaeology, ethnographic field methods. The importance of human language, human development, patterns, global economy, marriage and the family, gender issues, global politics and local political organization, social stratification, medical anthropology, ethnicityRead MoreVisual Anthropology And Cultural Anthropology1554 Words   |  7 PagesAnthropologists have been able to study the differences in human cultures and how they have evolve. â€Å"There are now four major fields of anthropology: biological anthropology, cultural anthropology, linguistic anthropology, and archaeology† (Dennis O Neil). Within these fields are subfields, visual anthropology is a very important subfield of cultural anthropology. Visual anthropology is the study of the history of human customs and culture through what one sees or perceives in various types of media. ThereforeRead MoreAnthropology and Its Branches1728 Words   |  7 PagesAnthropology is the study of human beings, in particular the study of their physical character, evolutionary history, racial classification, historical and present-day geographic distribution, group relationships, and cultural history. Anthropology can be c haracterized as the naturalistic description and interpretation of the diverse peoples of the world. Modern-day anthropology consists of two major divisions: cultural anthropology, which deals with the study of human culture in all its aspects;Read More Anthropology1316 Words   |  6 PagesAnthropology Anthropology what a vulnerable observer you are! You may well have to jump into the arms of the scientists if you are going to try to keep your grass hut at the academy! -- Ruth Behar Debates on the role the reflexive plague the field of cultural anthropology as postmodern critics join the bandwagon attempting to claim authority in this dubiously recognized discipline. In the borderline realm between the sciences and humanities, cultural anthropology has tried to find a nicheRead MoreCultural Anthropology Of Humans Living And Dead Anthropology938 Words   |  4 Pagesnot share the same ideals as them. This lack of communication is a major barrier in advancement of our world. Anthropology, in short, is the study of humans living and dead Anthropology is divided into five main categories: applied, linguistic, medical, biological, archaeological, and cultural. Each of these five divisions teaches a different aspect of human life. Cultural anthropology teaches acceptance. There are social norms that can be found in every culture, the difference from culture to cultureRead MorePhilosophical Anthropology2982 Words   |  12 PagesPhilosophical Anthropology ABSTRACT: Philosophers cannot avoid addressing the question of whether philosophical anthropology (that is, specifically philosophical inquiry about human nature and human phenomenon) is possible. Any answer must be articulated in the context of the nature and function of philosophy. In other words, philosophical anthropology must be defined as an account of the nature of the subject of philosophical thinking. I argue that if philosophical thinkers admit that they

Essay on Cartesian Dualism and Gilbert Ryle - 1899 Words

Gilbert Ryle is well known in the philosophical world specifically as a behaviorist. According to Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy behaviorist are â€Å"followers in the ‘ordinary language’ tradition of analytic philosophy, while, for the most part, regarding behavioral scientific hopes as vain, hold views that are, in other respects, strongly behaviorists†(Hauser 1). In the middle of the twentieth century the ordinary language behaviorist movement was strongly covered by Ryle and Wittgenstein. These bright minds established a relationship; â€Å"In 1929 Ryle met Wittgenstein and struck up a friendship that profoundly altered the direction of Ryle’s Philosophical thinking†( Stroll 147). Oxford took over for Cambridge as the center of philosophy†¦show more content†¦It is not merely an assemblage of particular mistakes. It is one big mistake and a mistake of a special kind. It is, namely, a category mistake†(Ryle 26). Ryles thesis i n The Concept of Mind is that the official doctrine has key principles that â€Å"are unsound and that conflict with the whole body of what we know about minds when we are not speculating about them†(Ryle 23). Laid out, the official doctrine retain that every person has a body and a mind, that they are normally â€Å"harnessed† together and that after death of a body the mind may continue to function and exists. Cartesian theory summarized; embraces that volitional acts of the body are caused by volitionl acts of the mind thus mental acts determine physical acts. Ryle thought the ‘official theory’ was absurd or bitter like, and labels it â€Å"the dogma of the Ghost in the Machine†. A great portion of Ryle’s argument is pointed toward a â€Å"category mistake†. These mistakes that Ryle makes note â€Å"The mistakes were made by people who did not know how to wield the concepts University, division and team-spirit. Their puzzles arose from inability to use certain items the English vocabulary†(27). This dualist doctrine formed a polar opposition between the mind and body. Ryle states that the official doctrine as a category mistake; â€Å"It represents the facts of mental life as if they belonged to one logical type or category (or range of types or categories), when they actually belong to another†(26). Meaning mind andShow MoreRelatedDescartes Teachings On Dualism977 Words   |  4 Pages To understand how the dualist commits a category mistake, one must first understand Descartes’ teachings on dualism from the Meditations on First Philosophy. Firstly, Descartes sees the mind as an immaterial, non-physical soul. He believes that his thoughts can be altered but he can never be tricked into the thinking that he is thinking when he is not. While he has complete faith in the existence of his mind, he doubts the existence of his body and the existence of other people s minds. The reasonRead Mor eThe Theory Of The Mind Body Dualism1232 Words   |  5 Pagesaccording to the Encyclopedia Britannica, â€Å"was one of the first to abandon scholastic Aristotelianism and created the first version of the modern mind-body dualism or emotion† (Encyclopedia Britannica). Born on March 31, 1596, he was dubbed as the Father of Modern Philosophy. His theory on the mind-body dualism, also known as Cartesian Dualism, created a stem of the modern problem of the relationship between the mind and body. He created the early version to further explain the interaction of theRead MoreCartesian Dualism vs Logical Behaviorism Essay1483 Words   |  6 Pagesrelevant to philosophy of the mind and discussed through a variety of arguments. Two of the most important arguments with this discussion are Cartesian dualism and logical behaviorism, both of which argue the philosophy of the mind in two completely different ways. Robert Lane, a professor at the University of West Georgia, define the tw o as follows: Cartesian dualism is the theory that the mind and body are two totally different things, capable of existing separately, and logical behaviorism is the theoryRead More Gilbert Ryles The Concept of Mind Essay2412 Words   |  10 PagesGilbert Ryles The Concept of Mind In The Concept of Mind Gilbert Ryle attempts, in his own words, to explode the myth of Cartesian dualism. His primary method in this endeavour is to explain why it is a logical error to describe minds and bodies with semantically similar language; while secondarily, he proposes that even to speak of minds as a second-order ontology is to take the first step in the wrong direction towards intellectual clarity. Thus, with the desire to arrive at this hypotheticalRead MoreThe Mind And Body Problem1443 Words   |  6 Pagesstates. Behaviours visually express mental states better than knowing if one has a Cartesian soul or the requirement of a normal human brain. Body: It is reasonable to think that the patient has the usual range of mental states because she is behaviourally indistinguishable from a normal human. Behaviours make mental states more evidentially obvious than knowing the brain state of a patient or if they have a Cartesian soul or not. Doctor 4 provides the argument that since the patient is behaviourallyRead MoreEssay on The Philosophy of Cognitive Science2158 Words   |  9 PagesThe Philosophy of Cognitive Science Psychophysical dualism — the distinction between mind and body — is the counterposition between essentially irreducible elements: the mind and body. Such a dualism implies the main ontological problem of the philosophy of cognitive science and philosophy of mind: the mind-body problem (MBP). The dualism and the referred-to problem has been insistently discussed in the philosophical tradition and several solutions have been proposed. Such solutions are properlyRead MoreDualism And Its Effects On The World1870 Words   |  8 Pageshave been gracefully put to rest, Dualism has, for better or worse, stuck around. Here I will briefly discuss a few of the proposed alternatives to Dualism and some of the issues they have encountered, with the aim to show that, unlike those subjects covered by the physical sciences, the mind brings it some unique properties that may simply not lend themselves to physical explanation. Ryle s Onslaught and the Behaviorists In his book The Concept of Mind, Gilbert Ryle made a seminal argument that wouldRead MoreThe Mind Body Problem, By Rene Descartes Essay1331 Words   |  6 Pageslarge collection of problems which focuses upon the fundamental issue of reality and knowledge in so far as such analysis may clarify the relationship between the mind and body, and the intelligibility of any alleged relationship between them. Cartesian dualism holds the presupposition that man is made of two elements, a body and a soul (mind). This presumption is informed by the notion that man by his ability to think, choose, reason, imagine, etc. cannot just be physical, there must be something inRead MoreWhat Advantages Does Spinoza’s Substance Monism Have over Descartes’ Dualism?3467 Words   |  14 PagesDescartes’ dualism. Through works such as the Ethics, Spinoza seeks to address the main flaws in Descartes’ philosophy. These flaws included but were by no means limited to, proof for the existence of God and the interaction between mind and body. This essay will highlight the advantages of Spinoza’s monism over Descartes’ dualism by looking at Spinoza’s response to these issues. First, in order to consider the advantages of Spinoza’s substance monism over Descartes’ dualism it is necessaryRead MoreThe Cartesian Theory Of Mind1648 Words   |  7 Pagesresponsible for many ideas and theories still used in the philosophical world today. He earned the nickname â€Å"Father of modern philosophy† for his work. One of his most in depth and lasting legacies is his â€Å"mind-body dualism† thesis also known as the Cartesian theory of mind. The Cartesian theory states that there are two different types of existence, physical and mental. Whatever exists must fall into only one of these existences and they cannot be both. This could be compared to the two faces of

Diversity and Ethics Free Essays

Diversity Diversity in management is a major task. There are many aspects related to diversity, such as: culture, religion, and gender, just to name a few. It is important to remember that different people have different values and morals. We will write a custom essay sample on Diversity and Ethics or any similar topic only for you Order Now Treating each person as an individual may be a difficult task for some managers. For managers who hire, hiring people with different backgrounds can enhance the team’s performance by introducing different perspectives and ideas. The planning process includes identifying how to integrate these ‘different’ people into the team. Ensuring the necessary resources are available to train and develop personnel based on their experience and education is a big part of organizing. Leading a team of diverse individuals can be quite interesting. Each person must be empowered and motivated to come to work and perform at his or her best. Controlling and monitoring each individual’s performance and how each person relates to others is mandatory for the team to be cohesive. Starbucks has made diversity a major priority. According to Starbucks’ Corporate Social Responsibility Report, diversity is one of Starbucks’ Guiding Principles. â€Å"At Starbucks, we embrace diversity as an essential component in the way we do business. † (Starbucks, 2009). Diversity is even one of Starbucks’ core values in their Standards of Business Conduct. Ethics According to Bateman and Snell (2009), ethics is defined as â€Å"the system of rules that governs the ordering of values. † The four functions of management are vital to an organization’s ethical behavior. Management has a responsibility, not only to the consumers, but also to the staff to lead by example and behave in an ethical manner. Starbucks understands the importance of ethics. For the third year in a row, Starbucks has been named one of the world’s most ethical companies by Ethisphere Magazine (Starbucks, 2009). Starbucks’ Standards of Business Conduct empowers and motivates their employees to make ethical decisions by providing a framework to be followed if they have any doubts. Starbucks also offers their support to their employees in doing the right thing and conducting business with integrity. References Bateman, T. , Snell, S. A. (2009). Management: Leading and collaborating in the competitive world (8th ed. ). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Starbucks. (2009). Starbucks Social Corporate Responsibility Report. Retrieved from http://www. starbucks. com/aboutus/csrreport/csr. htm Starbucks. (2009). Business Ethics and Compliance. Retrieved from http://www. starbucks. com/aboutus/SoBC_FY09_eng. pdf How to cite Diversity and Ethics, Papers

Children Classics and Fiction Structure

Question: Discuss about the Children Classics and Fiction Structure. Answer: Introduction: The learning about a child and their associated literature is the childhood literature. The literature has a direct influence on the children and governs the need for questioning the ideologies and concepts that the literature delivers. The childrens literature in its enlightening view values the strength to educate, provide self-cultivation and guidance for the future (Galda, Liang and Cullinan 2016). Children are regarded as the force for good. Their goodness, innocence and vision help to restore the moral norms and well being of the society (Richter 2015). The literature is delivered in a transformative way that helps to improve the social norms and rise the childhood to an advanced level preparing them for the future. The literature on childhood stimulates their imagination, providing them visual experience and enhances the development of language skills (Van Hoorn et al. 2014). The childrens literature provides them a scope to get exposed to diverse languages, develop critical t hinking skills and overall development that are the foundations of learning (Van Coillie and Verschueren 2014). The reading of picture books and fictions are the reading strategies that help to know what the words mean and project them through their ideas. The reading of fiction books is a learning strategy that helps them to know the experiences of the characters of the fiction and compare them with their lives (Smith 2015). It is a medium of learning through fun and helps them to appreciate the beauty of language. The popular fiction books like Charlottes Web," The Witches and We Have a Great Task Ahead of Us! Child-Hate in Roald Dahls The Witches is some of the classic fictional books for children that offer to deliver the theme of childhood literature and learn about circumstances and emotions of humans. Thinking is a road to education and nurturing the early years of childhood is important for them. The fictions help the children to learn about language presentation and skills, inculcate thinking skills and understand the inner truth of different characters depicted in the fiction (Jackson, McGillis and Coats 2013). The fictions help them to know the factors like good, evil, friendship, disappointment, sorrow and other emotions that are depicted through the different fictional characters (Tan and Campbell 2014). The fictions are based on the real life that helps them in their life experiences. It also helps them to know about the diversity of the world and compare them with their life. The fictions are a way of learning in a simple way and teaching them through play. The fictions help in developing imagination, introducing new ideas and part critical thinking in children (Locke 2013). The children learn to consider that books are a source of information and a companion on whom they can completely rely on (Beckett 2013). During the eighteenth century, the idea of children as a separate category of people and including them in the literature emerged. The childhood was considered as the most crucial and decisive period to prepare them for the next phase of life. The childhood literature provides a supporting medium for correlation between exposure and development of language in their latter life (Lapp et al. 2013). The literature imparts knowledge from different perspectives; some children furnish the books as a way to gain knowledge and deliver that to the world around them (Nikolajeva 2015). Some children relate the stories to their lives or image feelings or conflicts and ways to resolve them. Every book carries different messages and imparts different perspectives. This helps them to develop critical thinking skills and enhance their imagination. It is important for children to get familiar with literature as soon as possible so that they learn to inculcate the literary genres in their life (Lascar ides and Hinitz 2013). The childhood literature provides immense satisfaction to the children as it helps them to learn and apply them in their life. The literature helps the children to access literary sources and make them learn the meaning of the words in the broadest sense (Wolf 2014). From a global perspective, childhood literature is a gruesome activity that is not only decoding the written text but also a child understands the reading and integrates into their life (Seligman and Csikszentmihalyi 2014). The literature on children analyzes the personal experiences in a critical way and makes a stand on what they have read. On deep reading, children are able to land on a real and integrated literary world. The road to literary world through reading fiction books awakes the children to the universe of learning and developing language skills (Harrison 2016). The book reading helps them to identify the real objects that are given in the book and relate them to their daily life. The picture books are the f irst step to childhood learning (Marantz and Marantz 2014). It develops the skill of a child through symbolic representation (Sipe 2015). This learning is multi-staged; firstly, the child learns to point out objects that interest them, secondly naming of those objects and relating them to their real life. At this point of time, the childs language becomes narrative. It is not necessary for the child to name the objects rather name the pictures elements that help to them to make stories relating to their life. Finally, the child can detach himself from the personal life and know the difference between his personal story and the story depicted in the book. Lastly, the child is able to point the set of images in support of their reading and provide narrative language in telling the entire story in the book (Nikolajeva and Scott 2013). The criticism about childhood literature consists of the general discussions about childhood literature, related theories and literary analyses of childhood literature. The critics in childhood literature are aimed at knowing the learning aspects of the child regarding literature and in recommending books for children (Nelson 2015). Some people argue that books should be child-centric and some argue that the child books should include other disciplines (Oittinen 2014). Some argue that children should not be considered as one group as they have different cultural backgrounds. There are arguments regarding the fact that the children are identities created by their parents and they speak on behalf of their children (Hermans 2014). They do not allow the children to speak and therefore the books are the best way for the children to express their feelings and emotions while conveying their readings. Arguably, the children literature is a source of literature studies addressing the text and not focusing on the targeted audience (McGillis 2013). Some authors specify that the childhood literature is the synthesis of text and depicted through picture books (Bennett and Royle 2016). Concisely, the literature for children is developed from a textual point of view. Some authors also investigate the childhood literature from a cultural perspective. A childs unconscious mind is affected by the stories and helps to shape the perceptions while guiding their development. Some children psychoanalysts argue that child literature depicted through pictures in books have an important and everlasting impression on them (Butler and Reynolds 2014). The first five years of a child is crucial for their development of individual characteristics. Their interaction with the picture books has a great impact on their skill development and in providing information regarding their surrounding world (Crane 2014). Some critics of childrens literature say that the books portray the ethnicity and cultural background of the author. They consider books as bias because it is intended to structure and inculcate the values of a particular society to the children through language. They claim that the literature on childhood address children as a social concept. The children's literature forms the basis for their behavior that is socially and culturally accep ted by the society. It constructs the child to look and behave in a proper way. The childhood literature ideologies are a way to shape the children in a social construct (Wilkie-Stibbs 2013). The books are a way of internalizing the experiences the children encounter in their real life. The adults try to exert their control over the children and at the same time they inspire the childhood condition. This ambiguity is resolved in the childrens books that represent a simple world through storytelling and help them to grasp the knowledge at their level (Tilley 2013). It masks the ego of the books author and its focus is on the children from a childs perspective. The childrens literature is identified as variation and repetition. The characters, plots and language patterns are recurring demonstrating repetition in the childrens literature (Read 2014). This repetition is done for depicting it as a pedagogical device that is efficient and the repetition in order to deepen and emphasize the readers learning (Coats 2013). The books are aimed at developing ideas and develop critical thinking through the implementation of difficult ideas. The books provide a way for the children to seek information and achieve literacy. The fictional books are useful for the children to identify the characters of their age, expand their imagination skills beyond their interests and horizon and realize the related problems (Temple, Martinez and Yokota 2015). The children think that the books are all about them. The often relate themselves to the characters in the meanwhile enjoy reading the book comprising of children of their age. The feelings of affection, friendship, hatred and other emotions are projected through the stories in the book. They are able to expand their imaginations beyond the horizon by reading fictional books. The children relate the fictional characters according to their likes and dislike that help to know their personal interests and feelings (Walker, Gopnik and Ganea 2015). The literature books are popular among the children because they think that the books are about them and their life. Below mentioned are some of the famous fictional children books that are aimed at providing classic litera ture for the children. A great author Roald Dahl in his book The Witches 2007 uses a childs perspective to make the readers land in the childhood narrating in the form of first person (Dahl 2007). The theme of youth is discussed in the paper where the book is written for the young people and their point-of-view. There is a lot of talk of youth and the protagonist is young. There is observation of youth from a young person and mature insights into these observations. It is a fantastic childrens novel that describes a young boys experiences and his Norwegian grandmother in a secret world where the children are hated by the evil witches. The theme of hate is also depicted in the book that illustrates witches hate children in their truest form and wants to wipe them out. There is hatred theme without any cause. The book tells the story as if it happened to the author. In some parts of the story, the narrator addresses in second person telling the witch are living next door. Although, the narrator just narrates his story with referring to others. This kind of narration is important in childrens literature as the readers are able to read the story from a childs perspective and it would be scary as well as exhilarating. The first person narration is helpful for the children to add wonder to the story and be close to the narration as much as possible. The story helps to relate to those people who had experienced witches. The story is about the witches described by his grandmother as horrific creatures who are intended to kill children. She also tells her grandson that there were five children who were cursed by the witches and how to recognize those children. She demonstrated that the witches take the shape of human women and act like human beings. She described the witches as bald headed with wigs, clawed hands hidden under the gloves, large nostrils, blue spit and toe less foot that makes them hard to wear pretty shoes. She also informed the young boy that English witches is cruellest and notorious turning children into creatures that are loathsome killed by unsuspecting adults. This also depicts the theme of hatred and witches hate children and want to get rid of them turning into other creatures. There is criticism regarding the book as different authors suspect it from different perspective. Some authors consider the book as misogyny and some critics considered it as sexist as the book depicts to develop boys into men who learn to hate women (Roy 2013). Some critics say that the book directs to belittle women and to make them portray as evil human beings. Arguably, some authors say that the book represents a balanced message that projects learning from past surface inspirations (Cheetham 2016). The book The Witches qualifies in writing for the children as from the beginning the readers are able to point out the witch and avoid being caught by it (Richter 2015). This imparts fun to the children as well as adults while reading it. The book beautifully balances the adventure and fantasy. The theme of awe and amazement is exhibited in this book in certain chapters when little boys or girls are turned into mice. Every statement ends with an exclamation and narrator is enthralled by his Grandmas witchs stories. It also leaves the readers in awe and amazement by depicting a world where witches live and readers have shock reactions for it. There is a sense of awe as the author writing style is flashy with unbelieving tone and vocabulary. Adventure is exciting as well as risky. Fantasy is something that does not exist in real world. In the beginning, the narrator has made it clear that it is not a fairy tale. The story makes the readers land in a world where witches exist and they turn little boys into mice. When the narrator says that the witches have blue saliva, it depicts excitement and curiosity in the minds of the readers. The book also depicts pangs of laughter when he mentions that he could hear shrieks of laughter when stuck in the cooks pant leg. The main theme discussed in this piece of literary is transformation. The witches change the little boys and girls into slugs, chickens and oil painting figures and mice. This physical transformation theme is depicted in this story illustrating that there is no internal or emotional transformation attached with it. The author, Roald Dahl says that it is not only transforming one from inside, but changing for the betterment is actually called physical transformation. Roald Dahl has a light-hearted attitude that provides enjoyment to the readers and at times feelings of violence and darkness. The theme of violence is depicted in the narrator when poisoned with mouse-maker. The witches in the book taught about different violent ways on how they kill the children, although it is light-hearted. It is written in a playful way and is very popular among children as it is funny and enjoyable. He used colourful similes while describing the witches that strike a readers imagination and makes sense as the readers are not familiar with those similes (Dalton et al. 2016). Roald Dahl is emphatic as he repeats the important ideas in various forms. He used words like rasped, scraped, grated; growled and shrieked that depicts the witchs voice. These repetitive words put emphasis and make pictures vivid. It also helps the readers to picture the world where strange things do happen. The author is successful in drawing the attention of the readers by lightning up wo rds and lands them into a fantastical world that the author was intended to create (Van Coillie and Verschueren 2014). The title of the The Witches is just apt in conveying the message and spot attention of the readers towards the witches that he was aimed at. It is a simple book and there is no twisting plots, deep thoughts or complex characters. He was good in making up words that recognize his style of writing like frumptious, tom fiddling, fantabulous and blabber snitch. These words are easy to figure out Dahls style of writing (Astiti 2016). The book is a smooth ride and clearly a success in explicating emotions and excitement that the author wished for. The narrator introduces the book with a world where real witches exist. Therefore, he was successful in transforming the readers to a new world and in recognizing them. The book helps to impart literature to the children by enhancing vocabulary through repetition of words, helps them to be imaginative and in expressing their feelings and emotions. The children are scared when they discover that the witches are killing children that was a big iss ue in the book (Treglown 2016). The theme of fear is also discussed in the book where children are feared of things and when humans are turned into mice or other creatures. Moreover, the story opens with Grandmas real-life experiences and fear of unknown that scares the children while hearing stories. The book The Witches also encounters complication in which The Grand High Witch turns the boy into a mouse that makes tough for the narrator to solve the initial problem of the witches killing the children. The main theme of the book is physical transformation where changing oneself from within is not enough, one has to change for better and not only any kind of internal or emotional transformation. The book also imparts climax to the readers when the Mouse-Maker formula transformed the witches into mice when they had their food mixed with it. In the next moment, the witches become crazy trying to kill each other with knives and created chaos. This creates suspense and excitement in the readers. The suspense is experienced much before the climax when he narrates the Mouse-Maker formula in the food leaving the readers to wonder what is going to happen next. There is also denouncement shown as after the climax when the readers are relaxed and calmed down; then the narrator reveals that witches are still there. Concisely, the book The Witches by Roald Dahl is a popular book among children and has a unique style of writing. It has a lot of rhyming and the author is successful in conveying what the characters are like. Moreover, the book is taught us that we should not judge people by their appearance as the Grand High Witch seemed pretty outside but it was a different story inside (Dahl 2007). Similarly, another famous book Charlottes Web by E.B. White 1963 is also a tender novel that is liked by the children (White 1963). The story is about a pig named Wilbur and his friend spider named Charlotte. Charlotte writes messages in her web praising Wilbur when he was in danger of getting slaughtered by the farmer. It is a classic childrens literature and was the best selling among children. The main theme in the paper is admiration. There is so much fun when Wilbur enjoys attention when Charlotte weaves the words in the web. Wilbur gets the attention and extra slop with lots of admirers. However, the admiration is not only about games and funs it also means survival. When Wilbur get great attention, his owners want him to live. The book tells about various aspects of life like love, friendship, life and death that people could relate to their life. There is theme of friendship where Charlotte and Wilbur are great friends. They were loyal to each other and made sacrifices for th eir friendship. The theme of friendship shows us that friendship is important and it is everlasting as it was depicted in the book after Charlotte was gone. It describes the natural world very well and the creatures in the novel talk. Wilbur is fascinated by the way Charlotte catches her prey but she can talk like humans. Fern, daughter of John who was Wilburs first owner was capable of understanding the conversation of non-humans. It beautifully depicted the survival of the fittest in nature. When Fern was worried about Wilbur getting cold, her father said that there is nothing to worry and watches what he does. Wilbur with the help of his snout dug a tunnel inside the straw in order to keep him warm. When the words first appear on the web, people considered it a miracle but the web was a miracle. There is theme of communication and language when the spider is coming with new words and influential language. It made a great impact when the words were written on the spiders web. Alth ough, readers have no idea how the words were written, however the written language on the web was powerful and made a great impact on the readers. The novel also showed the beautiful change in nature. Wilbur was born during the renewal season spring and Charlotte died during autumn. The them eof time is extra important in the farm where the Zuckermans and Arables paid attention to the changing annoying seasons. When the things are growing, they have to look for the farm tasks in the spring. Another job comes up when farmers have to prepare for fall, winter having a lot of work. This changing season was bad for Wilbur, the pig as he was going to be food for winter. This depicts that time was not on Wilburs side and also not on anyones side. The novel showed theme of friendship between Charlotte and Wilbur. Charlotte saved the life of Wilbur by writing words on her web. She also showed immense love for Wilbur and wrote words on her miraculous web to save Wilburs life. In all these aspects, White beautifully depicted the combination of skilled writing and a heart that are the essentials of a writer. The ending of the story was heart drenching when Charlotte died leaving a gift for Wilbur and the author White leaves a gift for the readers. Both of them die leaving an impression in the heart of the readers through their crafted words. The readers could sense the spider Charlotte speak in human language weaving words in her web that shows creativity and a big heart of Charlotte. The novel shows that words should be read with a fresh perspective always and that makes the novel more exciting to read. The use of third person depicting omniscient depicting what the characters are thinking and when Charlotte died we get to feel t he sad moment and be with her. The book contains lots of young kids and growing animals that are well enjoyed by the young children (White 1963). Some authors criticized the book saying that the book is unsentimental depicting life and death (Johnson 2014). The egg sac of Charlotte shows that the nature replenishes itself and it is a sign of renewal. The theme of perseverance is also depicted where it says that if you do not succeed at first, try repeatedly. In the book, many characters work hard when the times are tough. Charlotte works hard on her web and tries to save Wilburs life. The tone of the book is just perfect as during Charlottes death the tone becomes more sympathetic. The readers feel sad when Charlotte is dying and she should live as she is having a good heart. The book gives a detailed description of the five senses overdriving with words like monkey wrenches, lawn mowers, grinders, ax handles, water buckets and many other kinds of stuff to visualize in describing the barn. This use of sensory style gives us a detailed analysis and repetitions that are useful in understanding the real life farm (Caldwell et al. 2016). Moreover, the animals talking in the story is also exhilarating. The Charlotte's web with words like "some pig," "radiant," "terrific" and "humble" have a great impact on the storyline and is amazing to read and imagine. The Charlottes web is a game-changer and saves the life of Wilbur, the pig from being slaughtered. The story has a bitter as well as sweet ending. It has a happy and a sad part at the end. Charlotte dies at the end making the readers sad and has children that color the readers happy with lots of new baby spiders. The theme of mortality was depicted when Charlotte died and left the readers in shock thinking that Wilbur might end up as dinner for Christmas. This theme explains that there is fighting for the good and accepting the fate as it is. This theme explains that death is inevitable and part of life that does not last forever. The story starts with Wilburs birth during the spring and ends with the death of Charlotte in autumn that depicts the circle of l ife and death. The last paragraph reminds us that though there are new spiders but nobody could replace Charlotte spider as she is kind and brave. At the end of the story, Wilbur is happy with new spiders but also sad as Charlotte is gone. E.B. White used simple language and words that are easy to understand and makes the story easy to understand. As the story talks about death a lot, some critics considered the tale as a bit downer. The story is well written depicting roller coaster ride of the human emotions like rising and falling actions. When Wilbur was about to get slaughtered by the farmer, it imparts feelings of fear and suspense in the minds of the readers. At last, when Charlotte dies, the readers feel sympathetic and sad. The story had a climax when Wilbur's life was saved. The story showed strong theme of bonds of friendship between Wilbur and Charlotte. The friendship between Wilbur and Fern is appreciating and inseparable. When Wilbur fails to spin the web, it showed Charlotte and Wilbur is different in their genetic makeup and will follow different paths of life. The novel also showed the inevitable loss and that every creature will die one day and veils the truth of life that life is solitary. The Charl ottes character conveys the message that good deeds make life worth living and without love life is empty (Ratelle 2014). There is theme of coming of age as there is depiction of growing of two different character types that is not easy. For Wilbur, being an animal, growing up means making new friends and learning to stand on ones own feet. Fern growing up means spending time with friends and spending less time with animals. All the characters depicted different story with their own difficulties. We Have a Great Task Ahead of Us!: Child-Hate in Roald Dahls The Witches is a book written by Curtis 2014 spoke about the maltreatment of children by adults (Curtis 2014). The hatred of children is illustrated in the book The Witches by Roald Dahl is an eye opener depicting the explicit child hatred. Roald Dahl not only showed the hatred of children but also characterized the grandmother who valued the stages of childhood. The themes of transformation, awe and amazement, violence, hatred, youth, fear are beautifully illustrated in the book by Dahl. Moreover, Dahl narrated that the child hatred is not extinct but a prevailing phenomenon. This hatred is masked by benevolence. Dahl also illustrated child protection and hatred in his book The Witches that is a central concern in childrens literature. He also narrated the ambivalent treatment of the child protagonist and audience. The grandmother of the young child in the book The Witches is very sensitive while handling her grandson. Dah l also conveyed that the people have moved to a culture where children are valued and at times considered as sacred. The culture teaches us to value the childhood phase and treat every stage of childhood with empathy. The witches hidden under the beautifully dressed women illustrated that people are masked under the veil of goodness hating children. The novel also depicted the cruel and abusive measures of the witches in the treatment of the children. These measures give an indication of the cruel treatment of the adults towards the children. Curtis argued that child hatred is hidden in the process of acting well for the childs interest which is a present danger. Curtis also proved that Dahl exposes the frustration of the adults in admiring and maltreating them because of which the children are not able to regain their innocence. The extreme hatred and neglect by the witches take the form of child hatred. The grandmother countered this feeling where she is empathetic towards her grandson and listens to his ideas and opinions. The troubling connection between the child protection and hatred is uncovered by the book as pointed out by Curtis. This ambivalence is troubling for the adults while treatin g the children (Curtis 2014). The childhood literature is important for their development of the cognitive skills and ensures creativity and emotional intelligence. The childhood studies and literature focuses on the childs desires and experiences in the human world. It also helps them to project their opinions and views about a particular topic. The children books are a medium of studying the childhood dilemmas in a world where adults do not hear the calls of a childs distress. The childhood literature is helpful in providing knowledge to the children and assists them in transferring the gained knowledge to the world. The children portray an image of their daily life or the emotions and conflicts they experience. The children books help them to learn about literary genres and therefore it is important for the children to get familiar with them as soon as possible in their life. A deeply rooted reading and complete education would help the children to advance to the next level of life. Famous books like The Witch es by Roald Dahl, Charlottes Web by E.B. White and We Have a Great Task Ahead of Us!: Child-Hate in Roald Dahls The Witches by Curtis are popular books among the children explicating excellent literature and childhood education. These books are written well depicting a childs feelings, emotions and experiences that are important to study the child psychology and behavior. References Astiti, M.D., 2016.Book Review of the Twist WRITEN by Roald DAHL(Doctoral dissertation, Diponegoro University). Beckett, S.L., 2013.Transcending boundaries: writing for a dual audience of children and adults. Routledge. Bennett, A. and Royle, N., 2016.An introduction to literature, criticism and theory. Routledge. Butler, C. and Reynolds, K. eds., 2014.Modern children's literature: an introduction. Palgrave Macmillan. Caldwell, E., Bartlett, C., Breinholt, D., Ramsden, G. and Perry, M.E., 2016. Play Reviews.Children's Book and Media Review,9(3), p.5. Cheetham, D., 2016. Dahls Neologisms.Children's Literature in Education,47(2), pp.93-109. Coats, K., 2013. The Meaning of Children's Poetry: A Cognitive Approach.International Research in Children's Literature,6(2), pp.127-142. Crane, W., 2014.Of the decorative illustration of books old and new. Cambridge University Press. Curtis, J.M., 2014. We Have a Great Task Ahead of Us!: Child-Hate in Roald Dahls The Witches.Children's literature in education,45(2), pp.166-177. Dahl, R., 2007. The Witches. 1983.New York: Puffin. Dalton, A., Wilson, M., Henderson, A., Lunney, H., Graham, T., Dyer, L., Cook, L. and Chudy, T., 2016. General fiction [Book Review].Good Reading, (Jun 2016), p.36. Galda, L., Liang, L.A. and Cullinan, B.E., 2016.Literature and the child. Cengage Learning. Harrison, A., 2016. Mirrors and windows: the importance of diverse literature. Hermans, T., 2014.The Manipulation of Literature (Routledge Revivals): Studies in Literary Translation. Routledge. Jackson, A., McGillis, R. and Coats, K., 2013.The gothic in children's literature: haunting the borders. Routledge. Johnson, J.P., 2014. Reimagining Charlottes Web as the Creative Experience of Play.Clinical child psychology and psychiatry,19(1), pp.154-160. Lapp, D., Flood, J., Brock, C.H. and Fisher, D., 2013.Teaching reading to every child. Routledge. Lascarides, V.C. and Hinitz, B.F., 2013.History of early childhood education(Vol. 982). Routledge. Locke, R., 2013.Critical children: the use of childhood in ten great novels. Columbia University Press. Marantz, S.S. and Marantz, K.A., 2014.The art of children's picture books: A selective reference guide(Vol. 1636). Routledge. McGillis, R., 2013.Voices of the other: Children's literature and the postcolonial context. Routledge. Nelson, C., 2015. Contexts.Children's Literature Association Quarterly,40(1), pp.1-2. Nikolajeva, M. and Scott, C., 2013.How picturebooks work. Routledge. Nikolajeva, M., 2015.Children's literature comes of age: toward a new aesthetic(Vol. 4). Routledge. Oittinen, R., 2014. On the Ethics of Translating for Children.Children's literature in translation: Challenges and strategies, p.35. Ratelle, A., 2014. Ethics and Edibility in Charlotte's Web.The Lion and the Unicorn,38(3), pp.327-341. Read, K., 2014. Clues cue the smooze: rhyme, pausing, and prediction help children learn new words from storybooks.Frontiers in psychology,5. Richter, B.B., 2015. Roald Dahl and Danger in Children's Literature.Sewanee Review,123(2), pp.325-334. Richter, L., 2015. The importance of caregiver-child interactions for the survival and healthy development of young children: a review. Roy, S., 2013.Scrumdiddlyumptious Stories: Reflections and Reinforcements of Ideological Structures in Roald Dahls Books for Children(Doctoral dissertation, Arizona State University). Seligman, M.E. and Csikszentmihalyi, M., 2014.Positive psychology: An introduction(pp. 279-298). Springer Netherlands. Sipe, L.R., 2015. Young childrens visual meaning making in response to picturebooks.Handbook of Research on Teaching Literacy Through the Communicative and Visual Arts, Volume II: A Project of the International Reading Association, p.381. Smith, J.R., 2015. The Popularity of Childrens Fiction as a Function of Reading Ease and Related Factors.The Journal of Educational Research. Tan, M. and Campbell, S., 2014. Selecting Fiction Books for a Children's Health Collection by M. Tan S. Campbell.The Deakin Review of Children's Literature,4(2). Temple, C.A., Martinez, M. and Yokota, J., 2015.Children's books in children's hands: A brief introduction to their literature. Pearson. Tilley, C., 2013. Children, Comics, Critics, and the Researcher. Treglown, J., 2016.Roald Dahl: a biography. Open Road Media. Van Coillie, J. and Verschueren, W.P., 2014.Children's literature in translation: Challenges and strategies. Routledge. Van Coillie, J. and Verschueren, W.P., 2014.Children's literature in translation: Challenges and strategies. Routledge. Van Hoorn, J., Nourot, P.M., Scales, B. and Alward, K.R., 2014.Play at the center of the curriculum. Pearson Higher Ed. Walker, C.M., Gopnik, A. and Ganea, P.A., 2015. Learning to learn from stories: children's developing sensitivity to the causal structure of fictional worlds.Child development,86(1), pp.310-318. White, E.B., 1963.Charlotte's Web. Illustrated by Garth Williams. Harmondsworth. Wilkie-Stibbs, C., 2013.The feminine subject in children's literature. Routledge. Wolf, S.A., 2014.Interpreting literature with children. Routledge.

Decribe the key issue Abu Ghraib free essay sample

Outline a key issue for obedience, discuss by using theories/studies from obedience for what happened in Abu Ghraib The Abu Ghraib prison is a notorious prison in Iraq, located in Abu Ghraib, near Baghdad. US soldiers were told to abuse and humiliate the prisoners by their leaders; this included chaining them up, treating them like dogs, and sometimes sexually harassing them. In April 2004 the abuses at Abu Ghraib were exposed with photos and videos showing US soldiers abusing naked Iraqis. On the 22nd October 2004, a US solider – Staff sergeant Ivan Chip Frederick, aged 38 was sentenced to 8 years imprisonment for sexually and physically assaulting detainees which included performing a mock electrocution on an individual. Chief Warrant Officer Kevin Kramer, a military intelligence officer referred to an email sent by US command in Baghdad telling him to order his interrogators to be tough on prisoners. The email said that they â€Å"wanted the detainees to be broken†. This theory could be used because the soldiers are trained to be agents of authority and believe they have a duty to protect America as agents of society thus as soldiers, they would be agents obeying the orders rather than autonomous individuals making their own decisions. The soldiers would not have been in an autonomous state, and would have therefore been more able to carry out the orders given to them by an authority figure. This may have been because the soldiers were under the impressions that they would not be held responsible for their actions hence they thought it was acceptable to torture the Iraqi detainees as well as degrading them in the process. The agency theory can be used for what happened at Abu Ghraib. The US soldiers were in an agentic state; they were an agent for the authority, in the soldier’s case the authority was the higher up in command officers. When they were given a job to do for example, to sexually harass a prisoner they did it because they saw it as their duty not their own choice. The soldiers took no responsibility for their actions because they were told to do them. When the abuse at Abu Ghraib was exposed to the public, all the soldiers said were that â€Å"they were only following orders†. In the soldier’s eyes and mind they were only doing their duty they were not committing any wrong. The authority had complete control over them and could tell them to do anything and they would do it. But once this abuse was exposed the soldiers agentic state broke down and they started to realise they had done wrong and got into an autonomous state and then took  responsibility for their actions, as they realised they didn’t have to follow them but at the time they believed they had to because they were not in charge. Joe Darby was the one who took the photos and reported them; he was a ‘whistleblower’. A whistleblower is someone who reports something to someone which is engaged in illicit activity. Zimbardo’s prison experiment can also be used as a study to explain what happened in Abu Ghraib. In 1971, psychologist Philip Zimbardo and his colleagues set out to create an experiment that looked at the impact of becoming a prisoner or prison guard. Zimbardo, a former classmate of Stanley Milgram, was interested in expanding upon Milgrams research. He wanted to further investigate the impact of situational variables on human behaviour. The researchers set up a mock prison in the basement of Standford Universitys psychology building, and then selected 24 undergraduate students to play the roles of both prisoners and guards. The participants were selected from a larger group of 70 volunteers because they had no criminal background, lacked psychological issues and had no major medical conditions. While the Stanford Prison Experiment was originally slated to last 14 days, it had to be stopped after just six days due to what was happening to the student participants. The guards became abusive and the prisoners began to show signs of extreme stress and anxiety. While the prisoners and guards were allowed to interact in any way they wanted, the interactions were generally hostile or even dehumanizing. The guards began to behave in ways that were aggressive and abusive toward the prisoners, while the prisoners became passive and depressed. Five of the prisoners began to experience such severe negative emotions, including crying and acute anxiety that they had to be released from the study early. According to Zimbardo and his colleagues, the Stanford Prison Experiment demonstrates the powerful role that the situation can play in human behaviour, Because the guards were placed in a position of power, they began to behave in ways they would not normally act in their everyday lives or in other situations. The prisoners, placed in a situation where they had no real control, became passive and depressed. This study is much like the Abu Ghraib, even though the participants of Zimbardo weren’t told to be aggressive, they took the authority power, just like the US command did in Abu Ghraib. Conformity is also another study that can be used to explain Abu Ghraib. Conformity suggests some degree of conflict between what the group demands of the individual and what the individual would otherwise do. If one participant that was chose to be a prison guard started acting aggressive towards the participants being prisoners, conformity would say that the rest of the prison guards would begin to follow that prison guard and become aggressive towards the prisoners themselves. Conformity is changing your belief or behaviour due to real or imagined group pressure and in Abu Ghraib there was real group pressure because the other prison guards were being aggressive so the rest of them though that’s what the experiment wanted them to do. Hofling’s 1966 experiment can also be a study to support what happened at Abu Ghraib. Hofling’s experiment was when Hofling chose 22 nurses from different wards and hospitals including both private and public hospitals. The aim of the experiment was to see if nurses would obey an order they thought came from a doctor, even though by obeying, nurses would be going against their training. Nurses were called by a ‘Doctor Smith’ telling them to give a patient a dose of 20mg of Astroten, even though the label on the bottle said ‘10mg daily limit’. Because the order came from a higher authority (the doctor), 21/22 nurses obeyed the order and went to give the patient double the daily amount even though 11/22 read the label. Power and perceive status may have caused high obedience, just like in Abu Ghraib when the US command sent the email to US soldiers to be aggressive towards them; the soldiers obeyed it because they were being ordered to.